All peer-reviewed publications

1. Ruzieh M, Foy AJ, Mandrola J. Left Atrial Appendage Closure Lacks Sufficient Evidence for Routine Use. Thromb Haemost. 2026.

2. Ruzieh M, Du F, Foy AJ, Blotner M, Naccarelli GV, Lian Y, Shao H, Mandrola J, Jiao T. Trial emulation of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion versus direct oral anticoagulants. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2026.

3. Ruzieh M, Jiao T, Mandrola J, Foy AJ. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Why oral anticoagulation remains the standard over devices. Am Heart J Plus. 2025.

4. Filippone EJ, Naccarelli GV, Foy AJ. Controversies in Hypertension VI: Paroxysmal Hypertension. Am J Med. 2025.

5. Zhao JZ, Ruzieh M, Du F, Lian Y, Foy AJ, Platt RW, Segal MS, Coulombe J, Winterstein AG, Jiao T. Association Between Use of WATCHMAN Device and 1-Year Mortality Using High-Dimensional Propensity Scores to Reduce Confounding. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2025.

6. Ruzieh M, Mandrola JM, Foy AJ. Patients' lives don't pause for blanking periods. Am Heart J Plus. 2024.

7. Sayed A, ElRefaei M, Awad K, Salah H, Mandrola J, Foy A. Heart Failure and All-Cause Hospitalizations in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024.

8. Tersalvi G, Beltrani V, Peronti M, Furlan L, Foy A, Biasco L. Deprescribing strategies in older patients with heart failure. Intern Emerg Med. 2025.

9. Haber A, Foy A. Resistant Hypertension: A Brief Review of Pathophysiology. J Gen Intern Med. 2025.

10. Foy A. Editorial commentary: Approach to the office patient with apparent resistant or refractory hypertension: Is there a role for renal denervation? Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2025.

11. Sayed A, Foy AJ. Industry Payments to Physicians. JAMA. 2024.

12. Norton J, Foy A, Ba DM, Liu G, Leslie D, Zhang Y, Naccarelli GV. Obese patients with new onset atrial fibrillation/flutter have higher risk of hospitalization, cardioversions, and ablations. Am Heart J Plus. 2024.

13. Sayed A, Ross JS, Mandrola J, Lehmann LS, Foy AJ. Industry Payments to US Physicians by Specialty and Product Type. JAMA. 2024.

14. Foy AJ, Schaefer EW, Ruzieh M, Nudy M, Ali O, Chinchilli VM, Naccarelli GV. Re-Analyses of 8 Historical Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine Assessing Multimorbidity Burden and Its Association with Treatment Response. Am J Med. 2024.

15. Filippone EJ, Naccarelli GV, Foy AJ. Controversies in Hypertension V: Resistant and Refractory Hypertension. Am J Med. 2024.

16. Foy AJ, Vrana KE, Haidet P, Hausman BL, Adams NE, Ropson I, Wolpaw DR, Rabago D, Mailman RB, Huang X. Student Perceptions of a New Course Using Argumentation in Medical Education. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2023.

17. Greenleaf B, Foy A, Van Scoy L. Relationships Between Personality Traits and Perceived Stress in Surrogate Decision-Makers of Intensive Care Unit Patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2024.

18. Filippone EJ, Naccarelli GV, Foy AJ. Controversies in Hypertension IV: Renal Denervation. Am J Med. 2023.

19. Ahmed M, Nudy M, Bussa R, Filippone EJ, Foy AJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of all sham and placebo controlled trials for resistant hypertension. Eur J Intern Med. 2023.

20. Levi BH, Dimmock AE, Van Scoy LJ, Smith T, Kunzler B, Foy AJ, Badzek L, Green MJ. What Counts as a Surrogate Decision? Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2024.

21. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ, Naccarelli GV. Controversies in Hypertension III: Dipping, Nocturnal Hypertension, and the Morning Surge. Am J Med. 2023.

22. Foy AJ, Brown DL. Importance of Designing Trials for Older Adults With Complex Medical Conditions. JAMA Intern Med. 2023.

23. Ahmed M, Nudy M, Bussa R, Naccarelli GV, Filippone EJ, Foy AJ. A Subgroup Meta-Analysis Comparing the Renal Denervation Sham-Controlled Randomized Trials Among Those With Resistant and Nonresistant Hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2023.

24. Thal KA, Nudy M, Moser EM, Foy AJ. Denosumab versus Bisphosphonates for Reducing Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Board Fam Med. 2023.

25. Van Scoy LJ, Green MJ, Smith T, VanDyke E, Foy AJ, Badzek L, Levi BH. Conceptualization of Surrogate Decision-making Among Spokespersons for Chronically Ill Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2022.

26. Van Scoy LJ, Bliton CF, Smith T, Badzek L, Green MJ, Levi BH, Foy AJ. Intrinsic Traits Such as Personality and Decision-Making Style are Predictive of Stress in Surrogate Decision-Makers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2023.

27. Ruzieh M, Ahmad TA, Liu G, Foy AJ. Association between statin exposure and diabetes incidence among privately-insured patients before and after applying a novel technique to control for selection bias. Am J Med Sci. 2023.

28. Gopaul R, Waller RA, Kalayanamitra R, Rucker G, Foy A. Evaluation of Provider Assessment of Clinical History When Using the HEART Score. Open Access Emerg Med. 2022.

29. Ahmed M, Nudy M, Bussa R, Hajduczok A, Naccarelli GV, Filippone EJ, Foy AJ. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta regression of the sham controlled renal denervation randomized controlled trials. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023.

30. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ, Naccarelli GV. Controversies in Hypertension II: The Optimal Target Blood Pressure. Am J Med. 2022.

31. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ, Naccarelli GV. Controversies in Hypertension I: The Optimal Assessment of Blood Pressure Load and Implications for Treatment. Am J Med. 2022.

32. Korenstein D, Scherer LD, Foy A, Pineles L, Lydecker AD, Owczarzak J, Magder L, Brown JP, Pfeiffer CD, Terndrup C, Leykum L, Stevens D, Feldstein DA, Weisenberg SA, Baghdadi JD, Morgan DJ. Clinician Attitudes and Beliefs Associated with More Aggressive Diagnostic Testing. Am J Med. 2022.

33. Hegwood EC, Schaefer E, Naccarelli GV, Foy AJ. Assessment of Comorbidity Burden and Treatment Response: Reanalysis of the SCD-HEFT Trial. Drugs Aging. 2022.

34. Mandrola J, Foy A. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation-New Devices, Same Challenges. JAMA Intern Med. 2022.

35. Lewis MM, Albertson RM, Du G, Kong L, Foy A, Huang X. Parkinson's Disease Progression and Statins: Hydrophobicity Matters. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022.

36. Ruzieh M, Baugh AD, Al Jebbawi L, Edwards ES, Jia KQ, Dransfield MT, Foy AJ. Beta-blocker use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review: A systematic review of βB in COPD. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023.

37. Weigel F, Nudy M, Krakowski G, Ahmed M, Foy A. Meta-Analysis of Nonrandomized Studies to Assess the Optimal Timing of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2022.

38. Sturts A, Ruzieh M, Dhruva SS, Peterson B, Mandrola JM, Liu G, Redberg RF, Foy AJ. Resource Utilization Following Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Stress Echocardiography in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain. Am J Cardiol. 2022.

39. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ, Naccarelli GV. The diastolic blood pressure J-curve revisited: An update. Am Heart J Plus. 2021.

40. Foy AJ, Filippone EJ, Schaefer E, Nudy M, Ruzieh M, Dyer AM, Chinchilli VM, Naccarelli GV. Association Between Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure and the Efficacy of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure-Lowering Therapy. JAMA Netw Open. 2021.

41. Kunzler BR, Foy AJ, Levi BH, Van Scoy LJ, Lehman EB, Smith TJ, Green MJ. Does Caregiver Participation in Advance Care Planning Using a Decision Support Tool Together With Patients Reduce Caregiver Strain, Burden and Anxiety Over Time? A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2022.

42. Peterson BR, Cotton A, Foy AJ. Reevaluating the Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Am J Med. 2021.

43. Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Owczarzak J, Magder L, Scherer L, Brown JP, Pfeiffer C, Terndrup C, Leykum L, Feldstein D, Foy A, Stevens D, Koch C, Masnick M, Weisenberg S, Korenstein D. Clinician Conceptualization of the Benefits of Treatments for Individual Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2021.

44. Grewal S, Zaman N, Borgatta L, Nudy M, Foy AJ, Peterson B. Usefulness of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists to Reduce Adverse Cardiovascular Disease Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2021.

45. Mandrola J, Althouse AD, Foy A, Bhatt DL. Adaptive Trials in Cardiology: Some Considerations and Examples. Can J Cardiol. 2021.

46. Naccarelli GV, Filippone EJ, Foy A. Do Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Suppress Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021.

47. Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Owczarzak J, Magder L, Scherer L, Brown JP, Pfeiffer C, Terndrup C, Leykum L, Feldstein D, Foy A, Stevens D, Koch C, Masnick M, Weisenberg S, Korenstein D. Accuracy of Practitioner Estimates of Probability of Diagnosis Before and After Testing. JAMA Intern Med. 2021.

48. Foy A, Mandrola J. Updating Our Thinking on Troponin Use and Interpretation. JAMA Intern Med. 2021.

49. Foy AJ, Mandrola J. Early Noninvasive Cardiac Testing in Emergency Department Patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2021.

50. Elgendy IY, Nimri N, Barakat AF, Ibrahim J, Mandrola J, Foy A. A systematic bias assessment of top-cited full-length original clinical investigations related to COVID-19. Eur J Intern Med. 2021.

51. Zaman N, Naccarelli G, Foy A. A Comparison of Rate Control Agents for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Follow-Up Investigation of the AFFIRM Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2021.

52. Nudy M, Jiang X, Aragaki AK, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Foy AJ, Buerger J, Kelsey AM, LeBlanc ES, Wild RA, Wactawski-Wende J, Stefanick ML, Robbins JA, Schnatz PF. The severity of vasomotor symptoms and number of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and select clinical health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D randomized clinical trial. Menopause. 2020.

53. Ruzieh M, Mandrola J, Dyer AM, Chinchilli VM, Naccarelli GV, Foy AJ. A Multimorbidity-Based, Risk-Stratified Reanalysis of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Trial. Drugs Aging. 2020.

54. Mandrola JM, Kaul S, Foy A. Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials in Ischemic Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost. 2021.

55. Ruzieh M, Rogers AM, Banerjee K, Soleymani T, Zhan X, Foy AJ, Peterson BR. Safety of bariatric surgery in patients with coronary artery disease. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2020.

56. Ruzieh M, Foy AJ. Time to Rethink Surveillance Testing Prior to Kidney Transplant: A Teachable Moment. JAMA Intern Med. 2020.

57. Nudy M, Krakowski G, Ghahramani M, Ruzieh M, Foy AJ. Vitamin D supplementation, cardiac events and stroke: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2020.

58. Mandrola J, Cifu A, Prasad V, Foy A. The Reply. Am J Med. 2020.

59. Nudy M, Cooper J, Ghahramani M, Ruzieh M, Mandrola J, Foy AJ. Aspirin for Primary Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Prevention as Baseline Risk Increases: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Am J Med. 2020.

60. Ruzieh M, Moroi MK, Aboujamous NM, Ghahramani M, Naccarelli GV, Nudy M, Kanjwal K, Foy AJ. A Meta-Regression Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure. J Atr Fibrillation. 2019.

61. Moroi MK, Ruzieh M, Aboujamous NM, Ghahramani M, Naccarelli GV, Mandrola J, Foy AJ. Dataset for amiodarone adverse events compared to placebo using data from randomized controlled trials. Data Brief. 2019.

62. Mandrola J, Foy A. The Case Against Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2019.

63. Green MJ, Van Scoy LJ, Foy AJ, Dimmock AEF, Lehman E, Levi BH. Patients With Advanced Cancer Choose Less Aggressive Medical Treatment on Vignettes After Using a Computer-Based Decision Aid. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2020.

64. Ruzieh M, Foy AJ, Aboujamous NM, Moroi MK, Naccarelli GV, Ghahramani M, Kanjwal S, Marine JE, Kanjwal K. Meta-Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Ther. 2019.

65. Mandrola JM, Foy AJ. Left atrial appendage occlusion: a critical appraisal updated with recent evidence. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2020.

66. Mandrola J, Lip GYH, Foy A. A Time to Stop and Think Before the Shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019.

67. Ruzieh M, Moroi MK, Aboujamous NM, Ghahramani M, Naccarelli GV, Mandrola J, Foy AJ. Meta-Analysis Comparing the Relative Risk of Adverse Events for Amiodarone Versus Placebo. Am J Cardiol. 2019.

68. Filippone EJ, Ruzieh M, Foy A. Thiazide-Associated Hyponatremia: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020.

69. Mandrola J, Foy A. Downsides of Detecting Atrial Fibrillation in Asymptomatic Patients. Am Fam Physician. 2019.

70. Ruzieh M, Ghahramani M, Nudy M, Naccarelli GV, Mandrola J, Grubb BP, Foy AJ. The benefit of closed loop stimulation in patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope confirmed by head-up tilt table testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2019.

71. Mandrola J, Cifu A, Prasad V, Foy A. The Case for Being a Medical Conservative. Am J Med. 2019.

72. Foy AJ, Levi BH, Van Scoy LJ, Bucher A, Dimmock A, Green MJ. Patient Preference to Accept Medical Treatment Is Associated with Spokesperson Agreement. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019.

73. Nudy M, Chinchilli VM, Foy AJ. A systematic review and meta-regression analysis to examine the 'timing hypothesis' of hormone replacement therapy on mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2019.

74. Mandrola J, Foy A, Naccarelli G. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Comes With Many Snags. JAMA Intern Med. 2018.

75. Peterson B, Ghahramani M, Emerich M, Foy AJ. Frequency of Appropriate and Low-Risk Noncardiac Preoperative Stress Testing Across Medical Specialties. Am J Cardiol. 2018.

76. Foy AJ, Mandrola JM. Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography and Potential for Overtreatment-Reply. JAMA Intern Med. 2018.

77. Foy AJ, Mandrola JM. Disagreement With the NICE Decision. JAMA Intern Med. 2018.

78. Foy AJ, Mandrola J, Liu G, Naccarelli GV. Relation of Obesity to New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in Adults. Am J Cardiol. 2018.

79. Foy AJ, Mandrola JM. Heavy Heart: The Economic Burden of Heart Disease in the United States Now and in the Future. Prim Care. 2018.

80. Pabst D, Foy AJ, Peterson B, Soleimani B, Brehm CE. Predicting Survival in Patients Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Myocardial Infarction. Crit Care Med. 2018.

81. Green MJ, Van Scoy LJ, Foy AJ, Stewart RR, Sampath R, Schubart JR, Lehman EB, Dimmock AEF, Bucher AM, Lehmann LS, Harlow AF, Yang C, Levi BH. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Strategies to Improve Family Members' Preparedness for Surrogate Decision-Making. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2018.

82. Huesch MD, Foy A, Brehm C. Survival Outcomes Following the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Rescue Technology in Critically Ill Patients: Results From Pennsylvania 2007-2015. Crit Care Med. 2018.

83. Hansen JW, Foy A, Yadav P, Gilchrist IC, Kozak M, Stebbins A, Matsouaka R, Vemulapalli S, Wang A, Wang DD, Eng MH, Greenbaum AB, O'Neill WO. Death and Dialysis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Analysis of the STS/ACC TVT Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017.

84. Mandrola J, Foy A, Naccarelli G. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure is not ready for routine clinical use. Heart Rhythm. 2018.

85. Foy AJ, Dhruva SS, Peterson B, Mandrola JM, Morgan DJ, Redberg RF. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography vs Functional Stress Testing for Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2017.

86. Buck H, Pinter A, Poole E, Boehmer J, Foy A, Black S, Lloyd T. Evaluating the older adult experience of a web-based, tablet-delivered heart failure self-care program using gerontechnology principles. Geriatr Nurs. 2017.

87. Lloyd T, Buck H, Foy A, Black S, Pinter A, Pogash R, Eismann B, Balaban E, Chan J, Kunselman A, Smyth J, Boehmer J. The Penn State Heart Assistant: A pilot study of a web-based intervention to improve self-care of heart failure patients. Health Informatics J. 2019.

88. Schmidt T, Maag R, Foy AJ. Enhanced Education for Noninvasive Cardiac Testing-Reply. JAMA Intern Med. 2017.

89. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ. Starting a Fixed-Dose Combination Pill versus a Single Agent for Patients with Hypertension. J Gen Intern Med. 2017.

90. Davies R, Liu G, Sciamanna C, Davidson WR Jr, Leslie DL, Foy AJ. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Stress Echocardiography Versus Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Low-Risk Chest Pain. Am J Cardiol. 2016.

91. Schmidt T, Maag R, Foy AJ. Overdiagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: A Teachable Moment. JAMA Intern Med. 2016.

92. Foy AJ, Sciamanna C, Davidson WR. Noninvasive Testing in Emergency Department Patients with Low-Risk Chest Pain: Does the Evidence Support Current Guidelines? Cardiol Rev. 2016.

93. Foy AJ, Dhruva SS, Mandrola J. For the Patient with "Low-risk Chest Pain"-How Low Is Low? Acad Radiol. 2016.

94. Peterson B, Ghahramani M, Harris S, Suchniak-Mussari K, Bedi G, Bulathsinghala C, Foy A. Usefulness of the Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest Calculator as a Discriminator of Adverse Cardiac Events After Elective Hip and Knee Surgery. Am J Cardiol. 2016.

95. Hansen JW, Foy A, Schmidt T, Ghahramani M, Chambers CE. Fluoroscopy pulse rate reduction during diagnostic and therapeutic imaging in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: An evaluation of radiation dose, procedure complications and outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017.

96. Filippone EJ, Foy AJ. Blood pressure management in the wake of SPRINT. Cleve Clin J Med. 2016.

97. Foy AJ, Liu G, Davidson WR Jr. Noninvasive Testing in Patients With Chest Pain-Reply. JAMA Intern Med. 2015.

98. Foy AJ, Filippone L. Chest pain evaluation in the emergency department. Med Clin North Am. 2015.

99. Maag R, Sun S, Hannon M, Davies R, Alagona P, Foy A. Positive predictive value of an elevated cardiac troponin for type I myocardial infarction in ED patients based on the chief complaint. Am J Emerg Med. 2015.

100. Foy AJ, Liu G, Davidson WR Jr, Sciamanna C, Leslie DL. Comparative effectiveness of diagnostic testing strategies in emergency department patients with chest pain: an analysis of downstream testing, interventions, and outcomes. JAMA Intern Med. 2015.

101. Foy A, Sciamanna C, Kozak M, Filippone EJ. The Medical Care Cost Ratchet. Cato Journal. 2014.

102. Foy A, Baquero GA, Naccarelli GV, Kozak M. Applying the diamond criteria could improve utilization of stress echocardiography for patients who present to the emergency department with low-risk chest pain. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2014.

103. Foy AJ, Ting JG. The harms of an unnecessary preoperative echocardiogram: a teachable moment. JAMA Intern Med. 2014.

104. Foy A, Rier J, Kozak M. High numbers of false-positive stress tests are the result of inappropriate testing. Am J Med Qual. 2014.

105. Foy AJ, Filippone EJ. The case for intervention bias in the practice of medicine. Yale J Biol Med. 2013.

106. Foy A. Understanding the Healthcare Bubble: How It Was Inflated, and Why it Must Burst. JPANDS. 2012.

107. Filippone EJ, Foy A. The J-curve revisited: a therapeutic dilemma. Cardiol Rev. 2012.

108. Foy A, Ruggiero NJ, Filippone EJ. Revascularization in renal artery stenosis. Cardiol Rev. 2012.

109. Filippone EJ, Foy A, Galanis T, Pokuah M, Newman E, Lallas CD, Gonsalves CF, Farber JL. Segmental arterial mediolysis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011.

110. Filippone EJ, Foy A, Newman E. Goal-directed antihypertensive therapy: lower may not always be better. Cleve Clin J Med. 2011.

111. Gill JM, Foy AJ Jr, Ling Y. Quality of outpatient care for diabetes mellitus in a national electronic health record network. Am J Med Qual. 2006.

112. DePietropaolo DL, Powers JH, Gill JM, Foy AJ. Diagnosis of lyme disease. Am Fam Physician. 2005.